The use of English on Ireland's signs
All uppercase versus lowercase – readability and practicality
When upper- and mixed-case words occupied the same sign area Forbes and his colleagues found a significant improvement in reading distance with the mixed-case words.” (Garvey 2006)
Above: Illustrates the advantage of upper and lowercase over all uppercase – in terms of word shapes produced. Both words occupy the same sign area.
Read More...Irish as a 'foreign' language
“Italic is sometimes used for secondary information, as in France. I haven’t seen that anywhere else. More often it is a light [weight] beside a regular, or medium roman that is given this job. [See] Schiphol airport and several other airports, such as Reykjavik, Iceland.” Gerard Unger (Reil 2006)
Foreign language faux pas?
Unger’s comment about ‘secondary information’ is incisive, the Irish language appears devalued by setting in Italics. In general typographic use – italics are employed for very specific purposes – most commonly for a use of a foreign language expression.
Old Irish meets modern European
Letter confusion – old Irish meets modern European…
Inexpert handling of drawing new letters is likely to cause confusion – an uppercase faux Irish ‘A’ (In lowercase style) and a lowercase ‘i’ without a dot are examples of this confusion in the design of the ‘Irish language italic’ in Ireland’s bilingual road signs.
Characters commonly mistaken for each other (Jury 2002) must receive particular attention from the designer of road signs, this is confirmed by (Spencer et al. 1973b). Lowercase ‘a’ and ‘o’ are cited as such problematic letter forms. Even if this re-design of the type were well executed, it is inappropriate to create stylised letter shapes. Unusual letter forms are likely to inhibit readability of place names. Moreover, in common usage Irish is set in contemporary typefaces and this should be reflected in signs.Read More...
The origins of our road sign design
Our system as it stands…
The Transport type (UK), used in Irish road signs, is intended for Upper and Lowercase use, and no italic version was designed by its originators. Ireland, however, employs italics for Irish Place names and all uppercase English names. Irish is set above the English.How did we get here?
Ireland adopted the Transport type designed for UK roads by Jock Kinneir, a design lecturer at the Royal College of Art, and Margaret Calvert, his assistant, in the late 1950’s and early 1960s; it has since achieved recognition as something of a design classic and became the model upon which many national road sign schemes are based. There is a good summary of the process at the Design Museum’s website. There’s also a little here around the controversy which surrounded its evolution.“This is a true design success story, a typeface so clear and legible most people don’t realise it has been designed at all” (Greer, 2006)
So, where did it all go wrong? …
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Legal context of Ireland's road signs
Irish road sign design in legal context
The law
Alongside the design context of Ireland’s road signs, the sign system lives in the context of national legislation. But as the design context has changed – not least with our first national high speed roads nearing completion – the legislative context has also changed.
The issue of prominence
The Government’s Statement on Language promises equal status for Irish but the reality of our road signs effectively renders it a secondary language.
The first shall be last?
In the Official Languages Act 2003, (Section 9) Regulations 2008, special care is taken to ensure Irish is principally prominent in signs…
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